Surgery 101: What To Expect Before, During, and After Ankle Surgery

Undergoing ankle surgery is a significant decision that requires thoughtful preparation, clear communication with your medical team, and a thorough understanding of the recovery process. Whether you’re facing ligament repair, ankle reconstruction, or a total ankle replacement, knowing what to expect before, during, and after surgery can ease anxiety and promote a smoother recovery.

This guide covers each phase of ankle surgery from preoperative evaluations to post-surgical rehabilitation so you can navigate your journey with confidence.

Inside the Operating Room: How Ankle Surgery Works

Open Surgery vs. Arthroscopic Surgery

Most ankle procedures fall into two categories: open surgery or arthroscopic surgery. Open surgery involves a larger incision that allows direct visualization of the ankle joint. This approach is typically recommended for complex repairs, such as fracture reconstruction or ligament reconstruction, where complete access to the joint is necessary.

Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive alternative. Using small incisions, a surgeon inserts a camera and specialized tools to treat the problem internally. Arthroscopy is commonly used for procedures such as cartilage repair, removal of loose bone fragments, or treating minor ligament damage. It usually results in faster recovery times, less post-operative pain, and minimal scarring.

Both surgical techniques are available depending on the complexity of the condition and the treatment goals. Your foot and ankle specialist will recommend the best option based on your diagnosis.

Advancements in Technology: Robotic Assistance

Innovative technologies like robotic-assisted surgery are beginning to play a role in certain ankle procedures. Robotics can enhance surgical precision by providing real-time imaging, detailed mapping, and improved control of surgical instruments. These technologies are particularly beneficial for procedures like ankle replacements, where alignment and balance are critical for long-term success.

While robotic technology is not required for every surgery, its growing role reflects a shift toward more personalized and accurate surgical care.

Pre-Surgical Preparations: Laying the Groundwork for Success

Before surgery, you’ll complete several important steps to ensure a safe and effective procedure.

Medical Evaluations and Imaging

Your surgeon will review your medical history, medications, and any previous surgeries. Diagnostic imaging, such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans, will help identify the extent of the injury or condition. These images guide the surgical plan and help minimize risks.

Meeting Your Surgical Team

An orthopedic surgeon leads the procedure, but you’ll also work closely with anesthesiologists, nurses, and recovery staff. An anesthesiologist will discuss your options for anesthesia, while the nursing staff will help you prepare for surgery and assist with your post-operative care.

Anesthesia Options

Most ankle surgeries involve either general anesthesia or regional anesthesia.

• General anesthesia: You are fully asleep during the procedure.

• Regional anesthesia: A nerve block numbs the ankle and foot while you remain awake or lightly sedated.

Your medical team will help you choose the option that best fits your medical history and comfort level.

What Happens on Surgery Day?

On the day of surgery, you’ll check in, complete final paperwork, and meet with your surgical team. Vitals like blood pressure and heart rate will be recorded. Once you’re in the operating room, your anesthesia will be administered, and the procedure will begin. Most ankle surgeries last between one and two hours, but complex reconstructions may take longer.

After surgery, you’ll be moved to a recovery area where medical staff will monitor your vital signs as the anesthesia wears off.

The Recovery Phase: What to Expect After Ankle Surgery

Managing Pain and Swelling

Post-surgical pain management is a priority. Your surgeon may prescribe pain medications and recommend ice therapy to reduce swelling. Elevating your ankle above heart level helps reduce fluid buildup, especially in the first 48 hours.

Over-the-counter medications like NSAIDs can also be helpful, but always follow your surgeon’s instructions carefully.

Caring for Your Incision

Proper wound care is essential. Keep your surgical site clean and dry, and monitor for signs of infection such as redness, warmth, or discharge. Your medical team will provide detailed instructions on dressing changes and bathing.

Using Assistive Devices

Crutches, a knee scooter, or a walker may be necessary for the first few weeks after surgery. These devices help keep weight off your ankle while the surgical site heals.

Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation is key to restoring mobility and strength. A physical therapist will guide you through progressive exercises designed to:

• Improve range of motion

• Build strength in the ankle and surrounding muscles

• Enhance balance and proprioception

Most patients begin physical therapy within a few days to a couple of weeks post-surgery. The timeline will depend on your specific procedure and healing progress.

Nutrition and Healing

Nutrition plays a crucial role in recovery. A balanced diet rich in protein, calcium, and vitamin D supports tissue healing and bone health. Staying hydrated and avoiding smoking can also speed up the healing process.

Setting Realistic Expectations

Healing after ankle surgery requires patience. While initial recovery usually takes six to eight weeks, full rehabilitation including a return to sports or high-impact activities may take several months.

Common milestones include:

• Reducing swelling within the first few weeks

• Gradually bearing weight with medical guidance

• Progressing to more advanced physical therapy exercises

Consistent follow-up with your surgeon ensures that your recovery is on track and helps prevent complications.

FAQ: Ankle Surgery – What Patients Commonly Ask

Q: How do I know if I need ankle surgery?

If conservative treatments like bracing, physical therapy, or injections fail to relieve pain or instability, your foot and ankle specialist may recommend surgery. Imaging studies help confirm whether surgery is necessary.

Q: How long will I be off my feet after ankle surgery?

Most patients need to avoid putting weight on the ankle for two to six weeks, depending on the procedure. Your surgeon will advise when it’s safe to transition to partial or full weight-bearing.

Q: Will I need physical therapy after surgery?

Yes. Physical therapy is a crucial part of recovery. It helps rebuild strength, improve balance, and restore normal movement.

Q: How soon can I drive after ankle surgery?

You should not drive while taking prescription pain medications or if you’re in a cast or boot that restricts ankle movement. Once you can safely operate your foot pedals without pain or limitation, typically after four to six weeks, you may resume driving with your surgeon’s approval.

Q: What are the risks of ankle surgery?

All surgeries carry some risk. Possible complications include infection, blood clots, nerve injury, or delayed healing. Your surgeon will discuss these risks with you during your consultation.

Take the Next Step

Whether you’re considering ankle surgery for chronic instability, arthritis, or injury repair, Wasatch Foot & Ankle Institute is here to support you. Our team offers advanced surgical techniques, personalized care plans, and comprehensive post-operative support to help you get back on your feet.

Learn more about our ankle surgery services and schedule a consultation to discuss your options.