Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Understanding Nerve Entrapment in Your Foot

If you’ve ever felt unexplained tingling, burning, or numbness in your foot, you might be experiencing more than just fatigue. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a condition that often goes undiagnosed, yet it can have a significant impact on your daily life. At Wasatch Foot & Ankle Institute, we believe that understanding the signs and causes of this nerve entrapment is the first step toward finding relief and regaining your mobility.

What Is Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

Tarsal tunnel syndrome occurs when the tibial nerve, which runs along the inside of your ankle, becomes compressed or pinched. This nerve passes through a narrow space called the tarsal tunnel, surrounded by bones and a thick ligament. When swelling, injury, or anatomical issues crowd this space, the nerve can become irritated, leading to a range of uncomfortable symptoms.

Recognizing the Symptoms

Symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome can be subtle at first. You might notice a tingling or burning sensation in the sole of your foot, especially near the arch. Some people describe it as a “pins and needles” feeling, while others experience numbness that radiates from the ankle down to the toes. As the condition progresses, pain may become more pronounced, sometimes sharp or shooting, and can worsen with activity or after long periods of standing.

It’s easy to mistake these symptoms for other foot problems, such as plantar fasciitis or even a pinched nerve in your lower back. However, the hallmark of tarsal tunnel syndrome is nerve-related discomfort—tingling, burning, or numbness—rather than just soreness or stiffness.

Why Does Nerve Entrapment Happen?

Several factors can contribute to the development of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Foot structure plays a major role—people with flat feet or high arches are at higher risk because these conditions can stretch or compress the tibial nerve. Previous injuries, such as ankle sprains, can cause swelling or scar tissue that narrows the tarsal tunnel. Repetitive stress from running, jumping, or standing for long hours can also increase your risk.

Certain medical conditions, including diabetes and arthritis, may make nerves more susceptible to compression. Even your choice of footwear matters—shoes that lack support or are too tight can put extra pressure on the nerve.

How Is Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosed?

Diagnosis starts with a thorough evaluation by a foot and ankle specialist. At Wasatch Foot & Ankle Institute, we begin by listening to your symptoms and examining your foot for tenderness, swelling, or changes in sensation. Simple tests, such as tapping over the nerve (known as Tinel’s sign), can help pinpoint the source of your discomfort.

In some cases, imaging studies like MRI or ultrasound are used to visualize the structures inside the tarsal tunnel and rule out other causes, such as cysts or masses. Nerve conduction studies may also be recommended to assess how well the tibial nerve is functioning.

Treatment Options: From Conservative to Advanced

The good news is that many cases of tarsal tunnel syndrome can be managed without surgery. Rest and activity modification are often the first steps—avoiding activities that aggravate your symptoms gives the nerve a chance to recover. Ice and anti-inflammatory medications can help reduce swelling and pain.

Supportive footwear and custom orthotics are crucial for correcting foot mechanics and relieving pressure on the nerve. Physical therapy may include stretching and strengthening exercises for the foot and ankle, as well as manual techniques to improve nerve mobility.

If conservative measures aren’t enough, corticosteroid injections can provide targeted relief by reducing inflammation around the nerve. In rare cases where symptoms persist or worsen, surgical decompression may be necessary to release the structures compressing the tibial nerve.

Prevention and Long-Term Care

Preventing tarsal tunnel syndrome starts with taking care of your feet. Choose shoes with good arch support and cushioning, especially if you spend long hours on your feet. Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on your lower limbs. Regular stretching and strengthening exercises can improve flexibility and stability, lowering your risk of nerve entrapment.

If you have a history of foot problems or chronic conditions like diabetes, regular check-ups at Wasatch Foot & Ankle Institute can help catch issues early and keep your feet healthy.

Living with Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Managing tarsal tunnel syndrome is about more than just treating symptoms—it’s about restoring your quality of life. With the right diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan, most people can return to their favorite activities without pain or limitation. If you’re experiencing persistent foot discomfort, don’t wait—reach out to Wasatch Foot & Ankle Institute for expert care and guidance.

FAQ: Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

What causes tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is most often caused by compression of the tibial nerve due to flat feet, high arches, injury, repetitive stress, or underlying medical conditions like diabetes.

How do I know if I have tarsal tunnel syndrome or plantar fasciitis?

While both conditions can cause foot pain, tarsal tunnel syndrome typically involves tingling, burning, or numbness, especially in the arch and sole, whereas plantar fasciitis usually causes sharp heel pain, especially in the morning.

Can tarsal tunnel syndrome go away on its own?

Mild cases may improve with rest and conservative care, but persistent symptoms should be evaluated by a specialist to prevent long-term nerve damage.

What are the best shoes for tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Supportive shoes with good arch support, cushioning, and a roomy toe box are recommended. Custom orthotics may also help relieve pressure on the nerve.

When should I see a foot specialist?

If you have ongoing tingling, numbness, or pain in your foot that doesn’t improve with rest, schedule an appointment with Wasatch Foot & Ankle Institute for a thorough evaluation and personalized treatment plan.

For more information or to schedule a consultation, visit Wasatch Foot & Ankle Institute.