The Complete Guide to Diabetic Foot Care: Tips for Staying Active

When you think about the daily challenges of living with diabetes, your feet probably don’t top the list. But if you’ve been living with diabetes for a while, you’ve probably noticed that your feet bear the brunt of it. Your blood vessels narrow and blood flow to your feet can be impaired.

Damage to your nerves can reduce your sensitivity and you might not feel cuts and scrapes as they occur. The silver lining is that good diabetic foot care is fairly simple and doesn’t take a lot of time or effort.

The Importance of Diabetic Foot Care

Diabetes changes the way your body works. High blood sugar levels over time can injure the nerves in your feet. This condition, known as peripheral neuropathy, reduces sensation in your feet. You may not notice when you step on a pebble in your shoe or develop a small cut.

Circulation problems associated with diabetes also contribute to foot health issues. Insufficient blood flow to your feet means that minor injuries take longer to heal. An innocent blister can turn into a big problem if not treated early. Daily foot care is an important part of a diabetes treatment plan for this reason.

Establishing a Foot Care Routine

Foot care should be a habit. It’s something that you do every day, like brushing your teeth. Each morning and evening, conduct a brief visual inspection of your feet. Look for cuts, blisters, redness, swelling, or any areas that look or feel different than the day before. Use a mirror to see the soles of your feet as well.

Washing your feet correctly is one of the most important parts of a daily foot care routine. Use lukewarm (not hot, which can burn you if you can’t feel it properly) water and mild soap. Scrub your feet gently, taking extra care to wash between your toes, where moisture and bacteria can get trapped. Dry your feet thoroughly after washing, and I mean really dry, including between your toes. Fungi love a moist environment, and athlete’s foot is one problem you don’t need.

One of the things that most people do wrong is moisturizing. You should moisturize your feet daily to prevent dry, cracked skin. But keep the moisturizer away from between your toes. You want those areas to remain dry.

The Right Shoes Make All the Difference

A common refrain at Wasatch Foot & Ankle Institute is “I wish I had taken better care of my feet.” Most of the patients we see could have avoided many of their foot problems with a little care and attention. Your shoes play an important role in diabetic foot care. They should fit well, provide support, and have enough room to allow you to wiggle your toes. If you have to squeeze your feet into shoes that are too tight, or you wear shoes that are falling apart, you are setting yourself up for problems.

Don’t walk around barefoot, even at home. It may feel good, but one misstep on an errant toy, pebble, or piece of glass can result in an injury you may not even feel. Wear slippers with a good sole if you’re barefoot indoors. Before you put your shoes on each day, give them a shake and look inside for any debris that may have found its way in there.

Replace your shoes on a regular basis, especially if you are active. Shoes that are worn out lose cushioning and support, increasing pressure on your feet. Look for wear patterns on the soles of your shoes and replace them if they’re no longer comfortable.

Your Socks Matter More Than You Think

The type of socks you wear matters. Seamless socks made of moisture-wicking materials are ideal. Avoid cotton socks and socks with tight elastic bands that can impede circulation. Diabetic socks are specially designed to offer extra cushioning in key areas and to protect your feet without being too tight.

Change your socks daily, or more frequently if they become damp. Many people find it convenient to keep a spare pair at work or in their car. Dry, clean socks can prevent a lot of foot problems.

Nail Care Without the Drama

Trim your toenails regularly. Cut them straight across and use a file to remove any sharp edges. Don’t round the corners or cut them too short, which can lead to ingrown toenails. If you have vision issues or difficulty reaching your feet, ask for help. Podiatrists will trim your toenails for you during regular visits.

Pay attention to changes in your toenails as well. Discoloration, thickening, or separation from the nail bed may indicate fungal infections or circulatory problems. The earlier you catch these conditions, the easier they are to treat.

Seeking Professional Care

The following conditions require prompt attention from a podiatrist. Contact your podiatrist right away if you have a cut or sore that isn’t healing, increased redness or swelling, any drainage or foul odor, or changes in the color or temperature of your foot.

Regular foot exams with a foot specialist are an important component of a diabetes treatment plan. During these visits, your podiatrist checks for early warning signs of problems and can provide foot care tips based on your individual needs. The goal is always prevention.

Blood Sugar Management

The best diabetic foot care goes hand in hand with good blood sugar control. When your glucose levels remain in your target range, you reduce the risk of nerve damage and circulatory issues. When you combine this with proper foot care, you have the best chance of maintaining healthy feet for years to come.

Stay active, eat right, take your medications as directed, and monitor your blood sugar levels on a regular basis. Your feet will thank you for it. Diabetes takes attention and care, but it doesn’t have to stop you from doing the things you love. With the right habits and regular professional care, you can keep your feet healthy and active.

FAQ

Can diabetic nerve damage in feet be reversed?

The damage from diabetic nerve damage cannot be reversed, but it can be slowed down and symptoms can be reduced by strict blood sugar control, medication, and proper diabetic foot care. The earlier the intervention, the better the chances of preventing further damage.

How often should diabetics have their feet checked by a podiatrist?

Most people with diabetes should have their feet examined by a podiatrist at least once a year. Those with existing foot problems, neuropathy, circulation issues, or a history of foot ulcers should make more frequent visits, usually every 2 to 3 months.

What are the best shoes for diabetics?

Diabetic shoes with a wide, deep toe box, cushioned insoles, good arch support, and breathable materials are ideal. Shoes with no interior seams that could rub against your feet are preferred. Many people with diabetes benefit from therapeutic shoes or custom orthotics, which may be covered by insurance.

Why do my feet hurt more at night when I have diabetes?

Nighttime foot pain is common with diabetes and is often a symptom of diabetic neuropathy. When you’re not distracted by daily activities, you become more aware of nerve pain. Pain can also increase at night because lying down changes circulation to your feet. Keeping your blood sugar under control and discussing pain management with your doctor can help.

Is it safe for diabetics to get pedicures?

Diabetics can safely get pedicures, but special care must be taken. Always inform the technician that you have diabetes, bring your own sterilized tools if possible, avoid the use of blades or razors on calluses, and never let them cut your cuticles. If you have any open sores or infections on your feet, forgo the pedicure. Many diabetics choose to have their podiatrist perform their nail care.

What does diabetic foot pain feel like?

Diabetic foot pain can vary greatly from person to person. Many people experience sharp, shooting pains or a burning sensation. Others describe it as tingling, numbness, or a pins-and-needles feeling. Some patients describe it as walking on pebbles or wearing a pair of socks that are too tight. Any unusual foot sensations should be reported to your healthcare provider.